Saturday, October 17, 2015

BCBS 239 Principles and SAP Bank Analyzer.

Dear,
As you all know the starting of the Financial Crisis in 2007-2008 represented an inflexion point in the implementation of a regulatory framework in the Financial System.

A particularly important milestone is the document from the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: "Principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting".

http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs239.pdf

The fourteen principles "recommended" by the committee define the architecture that banks have to implement in order of being compliant in the new financial system that is emerging from the Financial Crisis.

This represents a huge endeavor which will attract a very important part of the banks resources, and taking the wrong decision can seriously jeopardize the bank´s future capabilities.

Recently I had a very interesting conversation with a client about the capabilities of SAP Bank Analyzer for fulfilling IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 requirements.

During the conversation; the client mentioned that the current bank´s IT priority is the centralized management of risk data.

Actually, what they had in mind are the 14 principles of the Basel Committee, let´s see how the IFRA of Bank Analyzer is the best answer to them.

Principle 1
Governance – A bank’s risk data aggregation capabilities and risk reporting practices should be subject to strong governance arrangements consistent with other principles and guidance established by the Basel Committee.

SAP Bank Analyzer proposal.
The Financial Database is a centralized and robust repository of the risk data, and properly build, provides the Single Source of Truth for all the bank´s risk data, which is the foundation for strong reporting capabilities.

In a complex landscape of Transactional Systems, only the Source Data Layer of Bank Analyzer provides the Single Source of Truth for the bank´s Master and Transactional Data, which is currently spread in multiple systems with heterogeneous data-models.

Processing this Single Source of Truth data in an homogenous centralized system for calculating the Accounting and Solvency position of the bank is the responsibility of the Bank Analyzer - Process and Methods Layer.

Storing the calculation results in homogenous and consistent repository of metadata is the Results Data Layer main capability.

Finally, reporting this data with very strong analytical and reconciliation capabilities is the value proposition of the Analytical Layer.

Principle 2
Data architecture and IT infrastructure – A bank should design, build and maintain data architecture and IT infrastructure which fully supports its risk data aggregation capabilities and risk reporting practices not only in normal times but also during times of stress or crisis, while still meeting the other Principles.

SAP Bank Analyzer proposal.
Bank Analyzer fully supports the Stress Testing requirements for Solvency and Liquidity established by the Basel agreements. But more than that, the completeness of the data model, opens the gate to implement new risk engines for fulfilling future requirements, without modifying the data architecture.

Principle 3
Accuracy and Integrity – A bank should be able to generate accurate and reliable risk data to meet normal and stress/crisis reporting accuracy requirements. Data should be aggregated on a largely automated basis so as to minimise the probability of errors.

SAP Bank Analyzer proposal.
The Bank Analyzer architecture offers strong Extract and Transformation capabilities and a complete template of Primary Objects which will assure data accuracy, assuming of course  that the implementation team has the capacity and willingness to follow the SAP´s implementation best practices.

This is just an introduction. It´s very difficult to express in just one post the implications all these principles, but we will discuss this topic again in future posts.

Join the SAP Banking Group at: http://www.linkedin.com/e/gis/92860

Looking forward to read your opinions.
K. Regards,
Ferran.

Friday, October 16, 2015

Optimizing Capital in Oil and Gas companies with SAP APO and Bank Analyzer - Chapter II.

Dear,
In the last blog we discussed how Capital Scarcity can hit very hard to Oil companies which are not ready to the challenges of this new scenario.


Today, we´ll look at some alternatives to improve the efficient management of Capital in Oil companies by combining the functionalities of SAP APO and SAP Bank Analyzer.

Some of the required functionalities are not available yet; current Bank Analyzer versions don´t have strong Market Risk Analyzers, including Value at Risk calculations. But these functionalities have been offered for years in SEM Banking (considered by many the precursor of Bank Analyzer), and in my opinion, it´s a matter of time that they´re included in Bank Analyzer.

Going back to the point, we saw in the previous blog that an Oil company with a very efficient Supply Chain can still face Capital tensions ending in bankruptcy due to the Oil Market Risk. 

What can we do for improving the business plan including this risk?

First thing we must understand is that a Production Order or a Storage Unit of a Volatile product, like Oil, can be represented in Finance by a Financial Transaction (or Financial Instrument), whose underline is the Volatile product (Oil).  With this integration, a potential Market Risk Analyzer engine of Bank Analyzer would be able of giving us the Expected Losses due to the Value at Risk of the Underline.

On the other hand, the company can hedge the potential Market Risk losses by selling the Oil to a customer. But then it will be exposed to potential losses due to Counterparty Risk. 
Again, representing the Sales Order Items as Financial Transactions in Bank Analyzer, and providing the Rating of the Business Partner to the Credit Risk Engine, the system will give us the Expected Losses of the Financial Transaction (including the Expected Loss at committing with a Sales Order, by using Credit Conversion Factors).

By calculating the consumed Capital due to Market Risk Volatility and Credit Risk of the Exposures, Bank Analyzer will give us the Free Capital of the Company in every planning cycle.

As Free Capital is a measure of the Market and Credit Risks that the company can tolerate without suffering Solvency tensions, it´s actually determining a bottleneck in the amount of Oil that the company can extract, refine, store, distribute and sell.

Bottlenecks of the Supply Chain are represented in SAP APO by Resources and Capacities; and the Supply Network Planner will generate Planned and Production Orders only if the company has available capacity.

Making an analogy, in the same way that the Oil Company will not extract more Oil than its refining capacity, the company should not extract more Oil than the amount of Volatility that it can support without becoming insolvent. And in case the Oil can be sold immediately, hedging the Market Risk Volatility, it shouldn´t extract more oil than the amount whose Credit Risk Expected Loss is higher than the Company´s free Capital.

The standard APO element for modeling this "Free Capital-Capacity", would be an APO-Supply Network Planning bucket Resource.

Nevertheless, the available and consumed Capacity in this resource will be provided by an external engine, the Free Capital Calculator of Bank Analyzer.

Simplifying, in case Volatility and Counterparty Risk is low, Bank Analyzer will represent the situation with available Capacity in the bucket resource. On the contrary when Volatility and Credit Risk are high, Bank Analyzer will communicate less available Capacity to the bucket Resource.

The company has also to look Capital Consumed by its Market Demand on the Long Term Demand Planning activities, we´ll see how to model it in a future post.

Join the SAP Banking Group at: http://www.linkedin.com/e/gis/92860

Looking forward to read your opinions.
K. Regards,
Ferran.